感染性心内膜炎

感染性心内膜炎(IE), also called bacterial endocarditis, is an infection caused by bacteria that enter the bloodstream 和 settle in the heart lining, 心脏瓣膜心脏瓣膜或血管. IE is uncommon, but people with some heart conditions have a greater risk of developing it.

Risk factors for developing IE include:   

• 心脏瓣膜病
• 以前的 心脏瓣膜手术
• 先天性心脏病
• 静脉注射毒品
• IE的历史

View an illustration of endocarditis.

Dental Procedures 和 感染性心内膜炎

People with the highest risk for poor outcomes from IE may be prescribed antibiotics (IE prophylaxis) prior to certain dental procedures to reduce their risk of developing it. These include procedures that involve manipulation of gingival (gum) tissue or the periapical region (area around the roots) of teeth, or perforation of the oral mucosa.

Antibiotic prophylaxis is reasonable before the above-mentioned dental procedures for people with heart valve disease who have any of the following:

1. Prosthetic cardiac valves, including transcatheter-implanted prostheses 和 homografts.
2. Prosthetic material used for heart valve repair, such as annuloplasty rings, chords or clips.
3. 之前的IE.
4. Unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart defect (birth defects with oxygen levels lower than normal) or repaired congenital heart defect, with residual shunts or valvular regurgitation at the site adjacent to the site of a prosthetic patch or prosthetic device.
5. Cardiac transplant with valve regurgitation due to a structurally abnormal valve.

Except for the conditions listed above, antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedures is not recommended for any other types of congenital heart disease.

除了, antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended for patients with valvular heart disease who are at high risk of IE for nondental procedures (e.g., TEE, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, or cystoscopy) in the absence of active infection. 

You can reduce the risk of IE by maintaining good oral health through regular professional dental care 和 the use of dental products such as manual, powered 和 ultrasonic toothbrushes; dental floss; 和 other plaque-removal devices. 

If you meet the requirements for antibiotic prophylaxis for dental treatment or oral surgery, your cardiologist or other health care professional may give you an 美国心脏协会 wallet card (PDF). Show this card to your dentist, pediatrician, family doctor or other health care professional. It recommends the type of antibiotic 和 dose for IE prophylaxis. For smaller children, the dose will vary according to the child's weight. Always remind your dentist or doctor if you (or your child) are allergic to any antibiotics or other medications. 

Your health care team can provide you more information 和 answer your questions about preventing IE. 

• Print our patient information sheet 什么是心内膜炎? (PDF) | 西班牙语(PDF)
• 打印你自己的 Prevention of 感染性心内膜炎 Wallet Card (PDF) | 西班牙语(PDF)